Table 2 Echocardiographic parameters in the overall cohort, and sub-divided into group 1 (lightly active) and group 2 (highly active)
From: Aortic regurgitation in athletes: the challenges of echocardiographic interpretation
Overall | Group 1 (lightly active) | Group 2 (highly active) | p-value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Subjects (n) | 30 | 13 | 17 | |
Demographics | ||||
Age (years) | 44 (± 13) | 45 (± 13) | 42 (± 14) | 0.49 |
Height (cm) | 180 (± 7) | 179 (± 8) | 181 (± 6) | 0.41 |
Weight (kg) | 83 (± 11) | 85 (± 10) | 80 (± 11) | 0.27 |
Heart rate (bpm) | 64 (± 12) | 71 (± 14) | 59 (± 7) | < 0.01 |
Left ventricle | ||||
LVEDD (mm) | 56 (± 5) | 53 (± 5) | 59 (± 3) | < 0.001 |
LVEDDi (mm/m²) | 25.9 (± 5.9) | 24.0 (± 5.0) | 26.8 (± 4.9) | 0.12 |
LVESD (mm) | 37 (± 5) | 35 (± 4) | 38 (± 6) | 0.13 |
LVESDi (mm/m²) | 16.5 (± 4.9) | 15.1 (± 5.1) | 17.2 (± 4.9) | 0.26 |
LVEDVi (ml/m²) | 83 (± 23) | 66 (± 14) | 96 (± 19) | < 0.001 |
LVESVi (ml/m²) | 34 (± 14) | 27 (± 11) | 39 (± 13) | 0.01 |
Ejection fraction (%) | 61 (± 6) | 61 (± 5) | 61 (± 7) | 0.80 |
GLS (%) | -18.3 (± 2.0) | -18.6 (± 1.9) | -17.8 (± 2.2) | 0.30 |
E/E’ average | 7.1 (± 2.6) | 7.3 (± 1.0) | 7.0 (± 3.2) | 0.79 |
Stroke volume (mls) | 118 (± 36) | 102 (± 33) | 131 (± 34) | 0.03 |
Cardiac output (l/min) | 7.48 (± 2.33) | 7.23 (± 2.89) | 7.67 (± 1.87) | 0.61 |
Aortic valve | ||||
AV peak velocity (m/s) | 2.21 (± 0.69) | 1.95 (± 0.41) | 2.42 (± 0.81) | 0.07 |
AV mean velocity (m/s) | 1.69 (± 0.79) | 1.37 (± 0.28) | 1.95 (± 0.96) | 0.05 |
AV VTI (cm) | 48.07 (± 17.89) | 39.9 (± 9.03) | 54.3 (± 20.58) | 0.03 |
AR pressure half-time (ms) | 486 (± 134) | 481 (± 148) | 489 (± 131) | 0.89 |
Vena Contracta width (cm) | 0.52 (± 0.15) | 0.51 (± 0.19) | 0.53 (± 0.11) | 0.85 |
LVOT peak gradient (mmHg) | 1.10 (± 0.22) | 1.03 (± 0.15) | 1.15 (± 0.25) | 0.15 |
Aorta | ||||
Sinus of valsalva index (mm/m) | 20.9 (± 2.8) | 21.0 (± 3.3) | 20.8 (± 2.5) | 0.83 |
Sinotubular junction index (mm/m) | 18.8 (± 2.9) | 18.4 (± 3.5) | 19.2 (± 2.5) | 0.45 |
Ascending aorta index (mm/m) | 21.1 (± 3.6) | 21.4 (± 4.5) | 20.9 (± 2.9) | 0.71 |
Other chambers | ||||
Left atrium volume index (ml/m²) | 37.1 (± 22.7) | 24.8 (± 6.5) | 46.6 (± 26.2) | 0.02 |
RA area index (cm/ m²) | 8.9 (± 3.3) | 7.4 (± 1.8) | 10.4 (± 3.3) | 0.02 |
RV basal diameter (mm) | 40 (± 7) | 36 (± 8) | 43 (± 5) | 0.007 |
RV mid diameter (mm) | 31 (± 6) | 30 (± 7) | 32 (± 5) | 0.01 |