Table 4 Right heart normal ranges from current study compared with published ranges in non athlete adults and adolescent/adult athletes
From: Right ventricular assessment of the adolescent footballer’s heart
Normal reference ranges | Current study | Adult normal Lang et al. [22] | Adult normal Willis et al. [24] | Adult Normal Kou et al. [23] | Academy footballers Popple et al. (mean age 16 years) [10] | Adult Athletes D’Ascenzi et al. [11] | % Current study > published normal adult reference ranges | % Current study > published RV athlete reference ranges | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Academy Footballers (mean age 16 years) | Lang et al. [22] | Willis et al. [24] | Kou et al. [23] | WASE [25] | Popple et al. [10] | D’Ascenzi et al. [11] | ||||||
RVOTp (mm) | 19–35 | 20–30 | 19–33 | 25–43 | 22–38 | 26–33 | 22 | 3 | 0 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 3 |
RVOT1 (mm) | 20–37 | 21–35 | 21–37 | 24–44 | 20–40 | 32–35 | 6 | 2 | 0.1 | 1 | 0.5 | 6 |
RVOT2 (mm) | 17–30 | 17–22 | 16–25 | 16–29 | 18–30 | 15–18 | 59 | 23 | 3 | 1 | 3 | 90 |
RVD1 (mm) | 28–45 | 25–41 | 24–38 | 26–47 | 32–48 | 38–42 | 5 | 27 | 0.2 | 1 | 0.1 | 7 |
RVD2 (mm) | 21–39 | 19–35 | 22–39 | 19–42 | 20–40 | 27–39 | 9 | 9 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
RVD3 (mm) | 60–92 | 59–83 | 68–88 | 55–87 | 66–98 | 16 | 4 | 6 | 1 | 0.3 | ||
Indexed RVOTp (mm/m2) | 10–19 | 10–18 | 18–30 | 15–18 | 3 | 0 | 3 | |||||
Indexed RVOT1 (mm/m2) | 11–20 | 12–21 | 16–34 | 16–20 | 1 | 0 | 2 | |||||
Indexed RVOT2 (mm/m2) | 9–16 | 8–15 | 14–26 | 15–18 | 5 | 0 | 0 | |||||
Indexed RVD1 (mm/m2) | 15–25 | 13–21 | 25–37 | 19–26 | 21 | 0 | 1 | |||||
Indexed RVD2 (mm/m2) | 11 – 21 | 11–23 | 20–40 | 14–22 | 1 | 0 | 1 | |||||
Indexed RVD3 (mm/m2) | 31–50 | 34–48 | 53–73 | 5 | 0 | |||||||